In term of grammar, there are 12 tenses in English, but native speakers tend to use 4 most common tenses in everyday conversation. Let's find out what they are!
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1. Present Simple Tense
This tense is used for the following purposes:
- To describe an action in the present time as routine, world truth, thoughts or feelings at present.
- To tell stories or jokes
- To refer an action in the future but according to a timetable or schedule.
* Positive sentence:
S + V-s/es
I/you/we/they + study Math.
He/She/It + runs well.
*Negative sentence:
(-) S + do/does not+ V
I/You/We/They + don’t study Math.
He/She/It + doesn’t run well.
*Interrogative sentence:
(?) Do/Does + S + V?
Do you/I/we/they + study Math? Yes, I/We/They do hoặc No.I …don’t
Does he/she/ it + run well? Yes,He/she/it + does hoặc No. He …doesn’t
2. Past Simple Sentence
This is principally used to desbribe events occured and ended in the past. It has some other uses.
* Positive sentence:
- Regular verbs
V infinitive + "ed"
work + "-ed" = worked
live + "-d" = lived
- Irregular verbs
I/you/he/she/it/we/they saw
Irregular verbs List
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I
you + DID + NOT + learn
he/she/it /DIDNT/
we
they
* Interrogative sentence:
I
you
DID + he/she/it + learn?
we
they
3. Future simple tense
It describes actions that will happen in the future. Some adverbs are usually used in future simple tense sentences such as tomorrow, today, later today, in five minutes, in two hours, on Monday, on Saturday afternoon, next week / month, this year ....
* Positve sentence:
- I / we + shall / will + go to school tomorrow
- You
he/she/it + will + go to school tomorrow
they
* Negative sentence:
I SHALL + NOT
we /SHAN’T/ + go to school
I WON’T
you WILL + NOT
he/she/it
we /WON’T/ + go to school
they
* Interrogative sentence:
WILL + I / we + run?
you
WILL + he/she/it + run?
They
4. Perfect present tense
The present perfect in English is used chiefly for completed past actions or events, when no particular past time frame is specified or implied for them (it is understood that it is the present result of the events that is significant, rather than their actual occurrence). When a past time frame (a point of time in the past, or period of time which ended in the past) is specified for the event, explicitly or implicitly, the simple past is used rather than the present perfect. (wikipedia)
* Positive sentence:
S + HAS/HAVE + VERB (past participle form) + ...
* Negative sentence:
S + HAS/HAVE + NOT + VERB (past participle form) + ...
* Interrogative sentence:
HAS/HAVE + SUBJECT + VERB (past participle form) + ...
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